初中英语句子结构讲解大全_初中英语句子结构讲解

1.初中英语基本语法

2.初中英语语法（句子结构）？

3.初中英语句式

4.初中少儿英语常见的九大基本句型

5.初中英语现在完成时的句型结构

6.初中英语的句子结构

英语 句子 是英语对话和 文章 的基础。下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分分析，欢迎阅读!

初中英语句子成分分析精选

　句子是由各种词类按照一定的语法规则组成的，可以表达完整的概念。句子开头第一个字母一定要大写，结尾要注明标点符号。

　一、句子的成分

　组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语 补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。

　1 主语 表示所说的?是什么?或?是谁?，通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、 短语 或从句担任。主语要放在句首。

　To say is one thing, and to do is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。(不定式作主语) What you said hurt me badly. 你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。(从句作主语)

　2 谓语 起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。谓语通常有三个表现形式：

　(1)动词或动词短语作谓语

　He studies hard. 他学习很努力。 The performance has already begun.演出已经开始。

　(2)谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语

　They are picking les. 他们正在摘苹果。 He made us laugh heily.他使我们大笑不止。

　(3)连系动词和表语作谓语 Her mother is an inspector. 她的母亲是一位检查官。

　It is getting dark. 天色渐渐地黑了下来。

　He is feeling well. 他现在感觉身体很好。

　句子成分巧划分 ：主在前，谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。

　3 表语 用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不定式 以及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任，表语要放在连系动词之后。

　Her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes. 她的工作是洗这些床单和衣服。(不定式作表语) Teaching is learning. 教学相长。(动名词作表语)

　4 宾语 是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、 短语及从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

　Do you enjoy living here? 你愿意住在这里吗? (动名词作宾语)

　I want only one. 我只要一个。(数词作宾语)

　I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。(从句作宾语)

　注意：①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)， 直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。这一类动词有：bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, s end, read, lee, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay等。

　She showed me a few magazines. 她拿出了一些杂志给我看。

　I promised her a wonderful present on her birthday .我答应在她生日那天给她一件奇妙的礼物。

　②在需要的情况下，间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后，但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词。 She made me a sweater. (She made a sweater for me.) 她给我织了一件毛衣。

　He left her three children. (He left three children to her) 他给她留下三个孩子。

　③有些及物动词的后面，其宾语还需要有一个补足语，才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。

　The couple named the baby Mary.(名词作宾 补) 这对夫妻给孩子取名叫玛丽。

　He made her unhy. 他使她很不高兴。(形容词作宾补)

　?Let me out!? The boy cried. ?让我出去!?那男孩喊道。(副词作宾补)

　She saw a man in front of the gate. 她看见门外有一个男人。(介词短语作宾补)

　She often helps me do the housework. 她经常帮助我做家务。(不定式作宾补)

　I kept you waiting for half an hour. 我让你等了半个小时。(动名词作宾补)

　5 状语

　状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方 式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短 语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。

　She drove fast.(副词作状语) 她把车开得飞快。

　There is a shelter under the post office.

　在邮局的地底下，有一个掩蔽所。(介词短语作状语)

　To liberate our country, they devoted their lives.

　为了解放祖国，他们献出了生命。(不定式短语作状语)

　Seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees.

　那人一看见年迈的母亲就跑上前去跪倒在她面前。(分词短语作状语)

　It was blowing hard when she was on her way home yesterday.

　昨天她回家的路上，风刮得正大。(从句作状语)

　6 定语

　定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副 词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词和代词 的地方都可以有定语。

　The man outside the teacher's office is his father.办公室外面的那人是他的父亲。(介词短语作定语) I'll he a lot of clothes to wash this Saturday. 这个星期六我要洗好多衣服。(不定式作定语) Will you say something about your trelling experience? (动名词作定语)

　The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.(从句作定语)正在台上演唱的那女人是她姑姑。

　二、句子的种类

　(一)、简单句

　简单句只包含一个主谓结构，并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成，不包含任何从句。有五种基本句型。

　1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)

　The new term begins. 新学期开始了。

　2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语

　The girl is learning to play the piano. 这个女孩在学弹钢琴。

　3.主语+连系动词+表语

　The rice got burned。 饭焖煳了。

　4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语

　He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。

　5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补语

　We all believed you honest. 我们都认为你是诚实的。

　二、并列句(简单句+连词+简单句)

　并列句是由两个或多个简单句连接而成的。其中的各个简单句并列平行，同等重要，相互之 间没有从属关系，能够独立成句。它们之间要用连词连接。并列句可分为四种：

　1.表示相同关系 用连词或逗号、分号连接构成并列句。常用连词有：and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...

　Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high. 苏姗不但跑得快，而且跳得高。

　I could neither swim nor skate. 我既不会 游泳 ，也不会滑冰。

　2.表示转折关系 常用连词有：but, still, yet, while等。

　It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.夜已深了，但是他还在继续做作业。

　She was busy cooking while they were watching TV.她忙着做饭，而他们却在看电视。

　The film is not perfect, still, it's good.这部影片虽然不是无可挑剔，但还是好的。

　3.表示选择关系 常用连词为：or, either...or...。

　The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.老师要见一下他的父亲或是母亲。

　Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.这条路或那条路都通往那家医院。

　Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.

　4.表示因果关系 常用连词有for和so。

　We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train to lee.

　我们急忙赶往车站，因为火车很快就要开了。

　The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went( did).老师让苏姗到她那去，因此她就去了。

　三、复合句(主句+连词+从句)

　包含一个主句，一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分，如主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语等。中考主要考宾语、定语、状语从句。注意引导词、语序和时态。

初中英语句子成分分析练习

　巩固练习 同义句转换

　1.There is only a chair in the room.(同义句转换)

　There is _________ _________a chair in the room..

　2. Mrs.Smith is busy. She is doing her housework now.

　Mrs.Smith is_________ _________ her housework now.

　3.The teacher said，?Don?t cheat in exams，children!?

　The teacher told the children _________ _________ cheat in exams.

　4.Nick was so tired that he couldn?t walk any further. 全品中考网

　Nick was _____________________________ any further.

　5.We can?t finish the project on time unless you support us.

　The project can?t be finished on time ______________________________.

　6.Shall we watch the exciting ping-pong match together?

　______________________________watch the exciting ping-pong match together?

　7.My cousin usually walks to school every morning. (改为同义句)

　My cousin usually goes to school _________ _________ every morning. (对划线部分提问)

　__________ _________is your friend?

　9. ?Are you going to visit Zi Gong next WeekFather asked me.(改为间接引语)

　Father asked me __________I________going to visit Zi Gong next week. (对划线部分提问)

　___________ _________you use to stay on family holidays?

　11.James spent ten years making this amazing film(保持句意基本不变)

　__________ _________James ten years to make this amazing film.

　12.Chris has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.

　Karen has gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup, too. (合并为一句)

　_________Chris _________Karen he gone to South Africa to enjoy the 2010 World Cup.

　13.Visitors love this city because it has historical sights and delicious food.(改为简单句)

　Visitors love this city__________ _________its historical sights and delicious food.

　14. (对划线部分提问)

　___________________from Fukang to Unmnqi by bus? (对划线部分提问)

　_______________this new computer __________________?

　16、不同句子结构的转换，主要指简单句、并列句和复合句间的转换

　1)We found him a good pupil. We found _______ ______ _______ a good pupil.

　2)The room is so small that my family can't live in it.

　The room isn't ______ _______ ____ my family ___ live in.

　The room is ______ small ________ my family _______ live in.

　3)His grandfather died ten years ago. It ____ ten years ___ his grandfather ______ .

　4)I'm not sure what I should do next. I'm not sure _____ ___ ____ next.

　5)Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. ___ you ___ hurry up, you'll miss the train.

　17、根据句意的转换

　1) Yesterday everyone of us went to the farm except Lucy.

　________ Lucy _______ go to the farm with us yesterday.

　2)Sam is friendly to his classmates and his classmates are friendly to him.

　Sam _______ ______ well with his classmates.

　3)Lily was born ten minutes earlier than I was. I am ten minutes _______ than Lily.

　4)English is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.

　English _____ the largest number of ________ in the world.

　5)It's your turn to do it. It's _____ ____ you to do it.

　6) It rained heily last night. There ______ _____ _____ last night.

　7) The building is beautiful and there are many tall trees around it.

　The building _____ many tall trees all _______ is beautiful.

　8) I spent two hours reading the book yesterday.

　_____ ______ me two hours ______ _____ the book yesterday.

　9) He bought the book two weeks ago. He _____ _____ the book ____ two weeks.

　10) You're very kind to help me with my maths.

　___ __ very kind ___ you ___ help me with my maths.

　11) My grandfather died ten years ago.

　My grandfather ______ ______ ______ ______ ten years ago.

　12) I think it is different from Chinese names. I don't think it is _____ _____ as Chinese names.

　13) They planted millions of trees to se the farmland.

　They planted millions of trees _____ _____ the farmland _____ ____ sed.

　15)The man thinks the same as I. The man ______ ______ me.

初中英语基本语法

1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）

Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.

(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词

① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall

② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins he porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. he D. breakfast

3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）

Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）

His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）

The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）

（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）……

It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.

Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

The door remains open. Now I feel tired.

(三) 挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?

③ The lees he turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：

I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）

How many do you need? We need two. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）

I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）

2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He ge me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother hasn't done his homework.

② People all over the world speak English.

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）

We will make them hy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )

Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）

Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll he my bike repaired. （过去分词）

(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

② He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③ She found it difficult to do the work.

④ They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.

⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）

We belong to the third world.（数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）

The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)

The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）

The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）

I he an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）

(六) 挑出下列句中的定语

① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.

② What is your given name?

③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）

I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.

The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.

Though he is young, he can do it well.

(七) 挑出下列句中的状语

① There was a big smile on her face.

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④ The man on the motorbike was trelling too fast.

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

① Please tell us a story.

② My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.

⑤ Did he lee any message for me?

参 考 答 案

(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do

(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C

(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first

(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming

(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school

③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground

(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs

(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off

(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语

③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语

⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语

初中英语语法（句子结构）？

1、主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。

Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。

一般可分为两类：

1)，简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。

Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。

2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式

Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。

Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。

WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。

Hegemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：

Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。

5、定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。

Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。

但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。

Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。

6、状语

修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的， 但是它不能视为独立的句子，因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.

一 状语从句的种类

§ 1状语从句的种类

用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为：

1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句；3.原因状语从句；4.条件状语从句；5.目的状语从句；6.让步状语从句；7.比较状语从句；8.程度状语从句；9.方式状语从句；10.结果状语从句。

§2状语从句的时态特点

一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。

二 时间状语从句

§3时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time）

1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。

区别when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)

As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。

As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）

2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。

3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：

4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：

5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。

注意hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。

6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。

7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。

8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”。

三 地点状语从句

§4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place)

地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：

句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。

注意此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。

句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋主句。

定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I he read three times, is very touching. 这本很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to he grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

初中英语句式

初中英语一般就学简单句，到了初三才会有个宾语从句。

简单句型有五类：(状语和定语位置是不固定的，要看修饰的词的位置在哪里）

1.主语+谓语（谓语动词为不及物动词）

如：Your phone rang just now.

2.主语+谓语+宾语

如：I like you.

3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

如：I saw some boys playing football on the ground.

4.主语+谓语+双宾（直接宾语和间接宾语）

如：I ge him a book.(人是间接宾语）

5.主语+系动词+表语

如：This meat tastes good.

初中少儿英语常见的九大基本句型

2006-12-20 20:08

(一) 知识概要

初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种：

① 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night.

② 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good English Chinese Dictionary yesterday.

③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.

④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.

⑤ 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring.在初中常见的句型中有There be…句型，表示存在某种事物，如：There is a map on the wall 其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后，也要保持be动词，不要换用he,如：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题，即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。要注意的有如下几点：

① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数，但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员。而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数，如： The news is good (news 为不可数名词)。

③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算；如： This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken.

④有些形单却意为复数的名词，如： People are coming here 这样的词还有 Police， 如果要讲一个警察时，应讲 a policeman。 两个警察为 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen

⑤ 所有不定代词 each， either， neither， one， the other， nobody， nothing， anyone， anything， someone， something … 要作为单数如： Someone is waiting for you 在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有： and not only … but also， neither … nor， either … or 如: My sister and my parents are going to the cinema。 表示转折关系的并列连词有： but 和 yet， 如： She is a good student, but she didn't pass the final exam. 又如： I think the news is strange, yet it is true 表示选择关系的连词有：or， either … or，如： Hurry up, or you will be late for school 表示因果关系的并列连词有： for， so 如： They studied very hard， so they all passed the exam

宾语从句

① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I knew the man, 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I knew that he was a good man 这时宾语从句的连接词有 that, (that 只在从句中起联接作用，不在句中充当语法成分，既不是主语也不是宾语，所以在口语中常常被省略。如： I am sure (that) she has passed the exam

②if, whether 它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用，不起语法作用，当作是否讲。从句中有 or not 结构时，要用 whether, 如： I ask him if (whether) he has had his lunch I asks him whether he has had his lunch or not

③ what 它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外，还要作主语或宾语成份，如： I don't understand what you said (what 作 said 的宾语)。又如： I asked him what made him sick (what 在宾语从句中作主语)。

④ who，它也和what一样，在句中除作连接词外，可以充当句中的成份，如：I know who she is looking for?

⑤ whose 如： I want to know whose book this is?

⑥ which 如： Do you know which book is mine? 在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词，① how 它的应用最广，如： how much, how many, how long, how soon, how old …。如： How much does it cost? ② when 它只是连接时间状语，如： Please tell me when the meeting will begin? ③ where 它连接地点状语，如： Where are you from? ④ why 它要连接的是原因状语从句，如： The teacher asked why Tom didn't come to school.

在考试中常见到的考点是： 宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。

① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态， 如： I know he didn't come. 我知道他没来。 I know he will come tomorrow 我知道他明天来。I know he has gone to London 我知道他已去伦敦了。

②主句中的谓语动词若是过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如： 一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时，不能用现在时态。如： I wanted to know when he would come The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun

时间状语从句

其连接词有：after， before， when， as， as soon as， until (till)， while， since， by 其中较难掌握的有以下几点：

① until (till) 直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如： I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night. 如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如： He didn't go to bed until his mother came back

② 由 since， for， by， before 来引导的时间状语从句。 since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如： I he studied English since 1990. 而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如： I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term 而before 则多用于完成时， ago 则多用于一般过去时，如： He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago

③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如： If it rains, they won't go to the park on Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去进行时，如： He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park

考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如： I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow

原因状语

① because， 应译为"因为"。它表达的因果关系最强，如： He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard

② since 应译为"既然"，如： Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk

③ as 应译为"由于"，如： As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首，如： He studies hard, for he wants to go to college

比较状语从句

同级比较 as … as， 如： This book is as good as that one 要注意的有两点：

① as … as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。

② 用形容词还是副词，如： Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句为 not as (so) … as， 如： They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加 than, 如： He is younger than I am

要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两个句型：

① 比较级＋and＋比较级，如： The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful

② 定冠词 the ＋ 比较级＋ the ＋ 比较级，如： The harder you study, the more you can learn 方式状语中要注意的是as (连词)与 like (介词)的区别。 as 作为连词其后接从句，如： Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如： Please do it as I 而 like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如： Please do it like me

结果和目的状语从句

主要有 so … that， so that， in order that等几种用法。

① so … that 用在单数可数名词前，so ＋ 形容词 ＋ a ＋ 名词 ＋ that，如： She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such ＋ a ＋ 形容词 ＋ 名词 ＋ that, 如： She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her

② 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such， 如： It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如： They are such good players that they should win the game.

③ 在much， many， few， little 之前只能用so， 如： I he so little money that I can't buy it

④ so … that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such， 如： It is so good that I want to buy

⑤ so that 其后接从句，如： I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus

初中英语现在完成时的句型结构

一、简单句的九大基本句型

1. ?主语 + 谓语?(即?主谓?句型)

这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明?某人或某物如何动作?，或者说?某人或某物自身怎样运动?。

例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.

分析：?他们?(主语)?到了?(谓语动作)。

The earth turns around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。

The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。

2. ?主语 + 谓语 + 宾语?(即?主谓宾?句型)

这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明?某人或某物做什么事情?，或者说?某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物?。

例：I study English.

分析：?我?(主语)?学习?(谓语动作)?英语?(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。

I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。

3. ?主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语?(即?主谓双宾?句型)

这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明?某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事?，或者说?某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物?。

例：Our teacher taught us English.

分析：?我们的老师?(主语)?教?(谓语动作)?我们?(间接宾语)?英语?(直接宾语)。

4. ?主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语?(即?主谓宾补?句型)

这一句型说明?某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么?或?某人感觉某人或物怎么样?。

例： He asked her to go there.

分析：?他?(主语)?要求?(谓语动作)?她?(宾语即动作涉及的对象)?去那里?(补语?补充说明宾语应做什么)。

5. ?主语 + he + 宾语?(即?拥有?句型)

这一句型主要用于说明?某人或某物拥有什么(宾语，即有形或无形的)?。

例： You he a nice watch. 你有一块漂亮的手表

分析：?你?拥有一块漂亮的手表，即你拥有一个可以及时且漂亮的器具。

6. ?There + be + 主语+ ?(即?存在?句型)

这一句型用以说明?在某地或某时存在某人或物?。

例：There is a bird in the tree. 在树上有一只鸟。

分析：?在树上?(地点)?有一只鸟?(存在物)。

7. ?主语 + 系动词+ 表语?(即?主系表?句型)

这一句型用以说明?某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态?。汉语的?是?字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。常用的联系动词有be, keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。

例： I am a teacher. 我是一名老师

分析：?我?(主语)?是?(系动词)?一名老师?(表语?即表明主语的身份)。

She felt very tired. 她感觉到很累。

He became an engineer.他成为了一名工程师。

You look pale today, are you ill? 你今天脸色看起来苍白，病了吗?

8. 比较句型

这一句型用以比较物质甲与乙之间的异同。

1) 相等比较: ?as + 形容词/副词原级 + as?;

例：He is as rich as John.他和约翰一样富有。

例：He has as much money as she does.他和她的钱一样多

2) 劣等比较： ?less + 形容词/副词原级 + than ?

例：He is less careful than she. 他没她细心。

3) 优等比较：?+ 形容词/副词比较级 + than? ;

例：She is more careful than he.她比他细心多了。

例： He is the cleverer of the two boys.两个男孩中他更聪明些。

4)最高级：the + 形容词/副词最高级(单数名词或one)+ {of(among) + 人或物｝

{in + 场所｝

例： He is the tallest in the class.他是班上最高的。

9. ?it + is/was + 形容词 + to do/从句?(即评价句型)

这一句型用于说明?某一动作或事情属于什么性质或具有什么特征?。即对某一动作或事情进行评价。(这里it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to do 结构或 that 从句)

例：It is important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语很重要。

分析：本句重在说明?学习一门外语?(to learn a foreign language)这一动作的性质是?重要的?。

巩固性练习

请判断下列句子的结构类型

1.He is running.

2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.

3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.

4.She seemed angry.

5.My father bought me a beautiful present.

6.Why do you keep your eyes closed?

7.Will you tell us an exciting story?

8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.

9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.

10.Can you push the window open?

答案：

1.主语---动词

2.主语---动词---宾语---补语

3.主语---动词---宾语---宾语

4.主语---动词----表语

5.主语---动词---宾语---宾语

6.主语---动词---宾语---宾语

7.主语---动词---宾语---补语

8.主语---动词---宾语---补语

9.主语---动词---宾语---补语

10.主语---动词---宾语---补语

初中英语的句子结构

肯定句：主语+he/has+过去分词

否定句：主语+he/has not +过去分词

疑问句：He/Has+主语+过去分词

7. 现在完成时

(1) 现在完成时的句型结构

①肯定句：主语+ he/has+ 过去分词

②否定句：主语+ he/has+ not+过去分词

③疑问句：He/Has +主语+过去分词

(2) 现在完成时的用法

①表示到目前为止曾经有过的或未曾有过的经历和体验。常和never, ever, several times等连用。

如：

I’ve never been to Africa.

He you ever been to Tokyo?

I’ve been there three times.

②. 表示某动作从过去开始，现在刚刚完成，对现在有一定的影响。常与just, already, yet, so far等词语连用。

如：

He has just finished his new book.

注意：just now用于过去时。

③.表示某动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。通常与for或since连用。

如：I he lived in Qingdao for 6 years. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/since I came to this city.

It is/has been …+ since….

It’s been seven years since we last saw each other.

It’s six years since he was a teacher.

注意:for+一段时间，since后接一个过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子。

④ 在表将来的时间状语和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。

如：

You can go home when you he finished your work.

比较：You can go home when you finish your work.

(3) 过去分词的构成

① 一般情况下在动词词尾后直接加-ed。

如：

listen-listened, talk-talked

② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。

如：

live-lived, hope-hoped

③ 以辅音字母加y接尾的动词，y变i，再加-ed.

如：

worry-worried, hurry-hurried

④ 以重读闭音节结尾，且结尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写辅音字母，再加-ed。

如：

drop-dropped, plan-planned, stop-stopped

⑤ 不规则变化

如：

cut-cut-cut, come-came-come

begin-began-begun, lend-lent-lent

选自魏老师《高考语法完全突破》讲座记忆大纲

初中英语比较重要的是简单句的五种基本句型

1.主语+不及物动词

eg.

He

is

running.

2.主语+

及物动词

+

宾语

eg.

I

like

English.

3.主语+

系动词+

表语

eg.

I

am

a

student.

4.主语+

及物动词

+

间接宾语（人）+

直接宾语（物）

eg.

He

gives

me

a

book.

5.

主语+

及物动词

+

宾语

+

宾语补足语

eg.

I

find

English

interesting.